Professional Dilemmas Example Questions:
SECTION 1
In this section you will be presented
with scenarios followed by a number of possible options. Rank each option in
order from the most appropriate (ranked as 1) to the least appropriate
(ranked as 5) given the circumstances described in the scenario. NB There
can be no tied ranks. Mark your ranking for each option against the
appropriate letter on the answer sheet.
Example A.
You are a second year
foundation doctor working in general practice. At the baby clinic the
nurse gives you a syringe with fluid already drawn up, an immunisation
(MMR), to give to a baby. After the parent and child have gone home
you realise that the syringe contained only the diluent; the ampoule
of active powder is intact. Rank in order
the following actions in response to this situation
(1= Most appropriate; 5= Least appropriate).
- Contact the parent immediately and explain
what has happened.
- Inform the practice manager of the nurse’s
mistake.
- Fill in a critical incident form.
- Send a further appointment for the baby.
- Take no action.
A is the best answer. The
parents should be informed of the mistake immediately so that they are
aware the baby has not received the immunisation and can make
appropriate arrangements. D is the next best answer. The need to
repeat the immunisation is addressed, however this does not share with
the parents what has happened or the reason for the appointment and so
is not such a good answer. It is good to fill in a critical incident
form so that the causes of the error are investigated but this does
not address the need to repeat the immunisation so C is next best
answer. B is not a good response because it does not address the
baby’s need and it would be better to discuss the error directly with
the nurse to find out what had happened. E is not a good response
because you are the only person who knows the baby has not received
the immunisation and if you take not action this will not be
redressed. |
Example B.
A 55 year old woman with
ischaemic heart disease has smoked 20 cigarettes per day for 40 years.
She requests nicotine replacement patches. She has had these
previously but has been inconsistent in their use and has often
continued to smoke while using the patches.
Rank in order the following actions in response to
this situation
(1= Most appropriate; 5= Least appropriate).
- Emphasise the dangers of smoking but do not
prescribe.
- Enquire about the difficulties she has with
stopping smoking and any previous problems with patches
- Insist on a period of abstinence before
prescribing any further patches.
- Prescribe another supply of patches and
explain how they should be used.
- Suggest that nicotine replacement therapy is
not suitable for her but explore alternative therapies.
B is the best response to this
situation. This patient clearly wishes to stop smoking but is
experiencing difficulties in doing so. A discussion about the problems
she faces may help her to make her next attempt more successful. E is
also a good response but it assumes the nicotine replacement therapy
is not suitable for her, whereas it may be the right approach and she
may need more help in using it effectively. D is a possible approach
but given her previous failures with the patches it may need more than
this for her to succeed. A is unlikely to help her. She clearly
already wants to stop smoking or she would not be making repeated
attempts with the patches and this option does not include any
alternative approach to stopping. C is a very poor response. If she is
unable to stop smoking with the patches she is unlikely to do very
well without. |
Here are some more examples for you to
try (Answers are NOT available)
1. A good friend, whose
father has been admitted to the hospital you are working in, asks you
to find details of his illness as the hospital will not tell her
anything over the telephone. She is on holiday abroad and needs to
know whether to return home early. Rank in
order the following actions in response to this situation
(1= Most appropriate; 5= Least appropriate).
- Decline politely, explaining that this would
be a breach of hospital rules.
- Ask your friend to confirm in writing or
email with the hospital that you have her permission to ask for
information.
- Ask your consultant for advice on what is the
best option.
- Tell your friend that you will ask her father
whether he will discuss his case with you in these circumstances.
- Tell your friend that you will discuss her
situation with her father’s consultant.
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2. You are reviewing a
routine drug chart for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis during an
overnight shift. You notice that your consultant has inappropriately
prescribed methotrexate 7.5mg daily instead of weekly.
Rank in order the following immediate actions in
response to this situation
(1= Most appropriate; 5= Least appropriate).
- Ask the nurses if the consultant has made any
other drug errors recently.
- Correct the prescription to 7.5mg weekly.
- Leave the prescription unchanged until the
consultant ward round the following morning.
- Phone the consultant at home to ask about
changing the prescription.
- Inform the patient of the error.
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3. One evening when you are
just coming to the end of your shift, you receive a message from Dr
Spencer, a consultant on another ward. She wants to discuss aspects of
the care you provided to one of her patients when you were covering
the medical wards a couple of days ago.
Rank in order the following actions in response to this situation
(1= Most appropriate; 5= Least appropriate).
- Ring Dr Spencer’s extension to see if she is
still at work.
- Ring Dr Spencer the next morning.
- Check whether your own consultant is aware of
any issues.
- Ring Dr Spencer’s ward to see if the nurse in
charge is aware of any issues.
- Leave a message for Dr Spencer acknowledging
that you have received her request.
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SECTION 2
In this section you will be presented
with scenarios followed by a number of possible options. For each scenario
select the options which together are the most appropriate response to the
situation given the circumstances described. You will be asked to choose two
or three options. Circle the letters for the options you have chosen on the
answer sheet. Make sure you have chosen the correct number of options.
Example C.
You are looking after Mrs Sandra
Jones, who is being investigated in hospital. You are asked by her
family not to inform Mrs Jones if the results confirm cancer.
Choose the THREE most appropriate actions to take
in this situation.
- Ignore the family’s wishes.
- Agree not to tell Mrs Jones.
- Explain to the family that it is Mrs Jones’
decision.
- Ask Mrs Jones whether she wishes to know the
test results.
- Ask Mrs Jones whether she wishes you to
inform the family.
- Inform Mrs Jones that her family do not wish
her to have the results.
- Give the results to the family first.
- Give the results to the next of kin first.
As Mrs Jones is the patient it
is her decision whether she should hear her results, not the family’s.
Indeed it is Mrs Jones choice whether the family should be informed of
the results at all. This should be explained to the family. Therefore
the correct responses are C, D and E. Together these actions are the
most appropriate response to the situation. |
Now here are some more examples for
you to try (Answers are NOT available)
4. A woman due for
discharge after surgery for an ectopic pregnancy asks to speak to a
doctor about her future fertility. Choose
the TWO most appropriate actions to take in this situation.
- Explain she could be infertile.
- Tell her she is at increased risk of an
ectopic pregnancy and requires early assessment in future
pregnancies.
- Reassure her that her future fertility might
not be affected.
- Give a gynaecology follow up appointment for
12 months if she does not get pregnant.
- Reassure her that one of your friends had an
ectopic but subsequently had a normal pregnancy within a few months.
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5. A patient has a history
of drug abuse and has been in and out of prison over the past 3 years.
He has been trying to obtain a prescription for diazepam. You are a
Foundation year 2 (FY2) doctor in general practice and he has been
booked in to your surgery as an extra patient. He is a large man with
many tattoos.
Choose the THREE most appropriate actions to
take in this situation.
- Give the patient a prescription for a small
amount of diazepam.
- See the patient and explain that you are not
allowed to prescribe the diazepam as it is against the practice
prescribing policy.
- See the patient and explain that he needs to
provide a urine specimen for a toxicology screen before you can
prescribe diazepam.
- Provide a prescription for the same dose and
quantity that the last doctor provided.
- Tell the reception staff that you will not
see this patient as an extra.
- Tell the reception staff that you will only
see this patient as an extra if you have a chaperone.
- Arrange for the patient to be reviewed in a
day or two by a partner*.
- Ask a partner* to see the patient today.
* Senior Colleague |
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